Oral Talk
in
Workshop: Workshop on Theory of Mind in Communicating Agents
Emergent deception and skepticism via theory of mind
Lion Schulz · Nitay Alon · Jeffrey Rosenschein · Peter Dayan
Keywords: [ theory of mind ] [ Information Theory ] [ IPOMDP ] [ communication ] [ skepticism ] [ deception ] [ multi-agent reinforcement learning ]
In complex situations involving communication, agents might attempt to mask their intentions, exploiting Shannon's theory of information as a theory of misinformation. Here, we introduce and analyze a simple multiagent reinforcement learning task where a buyer sends signals to a seller via its actions, and in which both agents are endowed with a recursive theory of mind. We show that this theory of mind, coupled with pure reward-maximization, gives rise to agents that selectively distort messages and become skeptical towards one another. Using information theory to analyze these interactions, we show how savvy buyers reduce mutual information between their preferences and actions, and how suspicious sellers learn to reinterpret or discard buyers' signals in a strategic manner.