Oral Session
Oral 6E Game Theory & Big Tech
GRAND BALLROOM 101-105
Position: Irresponsible AI: big tech’s influence on AI research and associated impacts
Alex Hernandez-Garcia ⋅ Alexandra Volokhova ⋅ Ezekiel Williams ⋅ Dounia Shaaban Kabakibo ⋅ Mélisande Teng
The accelerated development, deployment and adoption of artificial intelligence systems has been fuelled by the increasing presence of big tech in the AI field. This trend has been accompanied by growing ethical concerns and intensified societal and environmental impacts. This position paper argues that irresponsible AI development is strongly driven by big tech's influence and involvement in the field. We develop this argument by laying out the factors through which this influence leads to irresponsible AI. First, we examine the growing and disproportionate influence of big tech in AI research and argue that its drive for scaling and general-purpose systems is fundamentally at odds with the responsible, ethical, and sustainable development of AI. Second, we review key current environmental and societal negative impacts of AI and trace their connections to big tech's influence. Third, we discuss the underlying economic forces driving big tech's actions. Finally, as a call to action, we highlight the need for AI researchers to counter big tech's influence, and review and propose strategies that build on the responsibility of implicated actors and collective action.
Equilibrium Pricing in Oligopolistic Data Markets
Bhaskar Ray Chaudhury ⋅ Jugal Garg ⋅ Eklavya Sharma ⋅ Jiaxin Song
We study equilibrium pricing in oligopolistic data markets with budget-constrained buyers (e.g., ML companies purchasing data to improve model accuracy) and strategic data sellers. Sellers compete by setting prices for their datasets, giving rise to a pricing game whose pure Nash equilibria correspond to equilibrium prices. While equilibrium prices are guaranteed for rivalrous goods via competitive equilibrium, we show that the non-rivalry of data fundamentally alters this picture: an exact Nash equilibrium need not exist, and in fact no 1.364-approximate equilibrium exists under uniform pricing. We therefore investigate relaxed equilibrium notions. Allowing sellers to use beyond-uniform pricing—specifically, piecewise-linear convex pricing functions—guarantees approximate stability within a constant factor: there exists a pricing profile in which no seller can improve revenue by a factor of two by deviating to any uniform price (a 2-approximate Nash equilibrium). Finally, our simulations demonstrate fast convergence and empirical approximation guarantees that outperform the worst-case bound of 2.
Nash Equilibria in Games with Playerwise Concave Coupling Constraints: Existence and Computation
Philip Jordan ⋅ Maryam Kamgarpour
We study the existence and computation of Nash equilibria in concave games where the players' admissible strategies are subject to shared coupling constraints. Under playerwise concavity of constraints, we prove existence of Nash equilibria. Our proof leverages topological fixed point theory and novel structural insights into the contractibility of feasible sets, and relaxes strong assumptions for existence in prior work. Having established existence, we address the question of whether in the presence of coupling constraints, playerwise independent learning dynamics have convergence guarantees. We address this positively for the class of potential games by designing a convergent algorithm. To account for the possibly nonconvex feasible region, we employ a log barrier regularized gradient ascent with adaptive stepsizes. Starting from an initial feasible strategy profile and under exact gradient feedback, the proposed method converges to an $\epsilon$-approximate constrained Nash equilibrium within $\mathcal{O}(\epsilon^{-3})$ iterations.
What Preferences Can—and Cannot—Predict in Multi-Agent Online Learning
Omar Abbadi ⋅ Rida Laraki ⋅ Panayotis Mertikopoulos
We examine the interplay between ordinal, preference-based solution concepts in games and the outcomes of payoff-driven learning dynamics, asking to what extent the combinatorial data of a game—its preference graph—can predict the long-run behavior of no-regret dynamics such as follow-the-regularized-leader (FTRL). In one direction, we show that the skeleton of every dynamically stable set (i.e., the set of pure profiles it contains) must also be preferentially stable, that is, it must be closed under profitable deviations. We then ask the converse question: when are preferences sufficient to describe the long-run behavior of the players' learning dynamics? We begin by showing that preferences are indeed enough to fully characterize asymptotic stability in the case of subgames—i.e., subsets of pure profiles obtained by restricting players' action sets. Beyond this case however, the equivalence between dynamic and preferential stability breaks down: in particular, we construct a three-player game with a preferentially stable set whose span is dynamically unstable, showing that preferences are not sufficient to describe dynamically stable behavior in general. To restore stability, we introduce the notion of leaklessness, a measure of aggregate payoff drift away from a set of pure profiles, and we use it to identify a payoff-based condition guaranteeing that the span of a set of pure profiles is stable and attracting.