CLINIC : Evaluating Multilingual Trustworthiness in Language Models for Healthcare

Integrating language models (LMs) in healthcare systems holds great promise for improving medical workflows and decision-making. However, a critical barrier to their global adoption is the lack of reliable evaluation of their trustworthiness in multilingual healthcare settings. Existing LMs are predominantly trained in high-resource languages, making them ill-equipped to handle the complexity and diversity of healthcare queries in mid- and low-resource languages, which poses significant challenges for deployment in global healthcare contexts where linguistic diversity is essential. In this work, we present CLINIC, a Comprehensive Multilingual Benchmark to evaluate the trustworthiness of language models in healthcare. CLINIC systematically benchmarks LMs across five key dimensions of trustworthiness: truthfulness, fairness, safety, robustness, and privacy, operationalized through 18 diverse tasks spanning 15 languages and covering a wide range of critical healthcare topics. Our extensive evaluation reveals that LMs struggle with factual correctness, demonstrate bias across demographic and linguistic groups, and remain susceptible to privacy breaches and adversarial attacks. By highlighting these shortcomings, CLINIC lays the foundation for enhancing the global reach and safety of LMs in healthcare across diverse languages.

CLINIC is the first benchmark on evaluating the multilingual trustworthiness of language models in the domain of healthcare . It covers five key dimensions of trustworthiness: truthfulness, fairness, safety, robustness, and privacy, operationalized through 18 diverse tasks, spanning 15 languages and encompassing a wide array of critical healthcare topics.