(#90 / Sess. 1) Pointer Graph Networks
Abstract
Graph neural networks (GNNs) are typically applied to static graphs that are assumed to be known upfront. This static input structure is often informed purely by insight of the machine learning practitioner, and might not be optimal for the actual task the GNN is solving. We introduce Pointer Graph Networks (PGNs) which augment sets or graphs with additional inferred edges for improved model expressivity. PGNs allow each node to dynamically point to another node, followed by message passing over these pointers. Despite its sparsity, this adaptable graph structure proves sufficiently expressive to simulate complex algorithms. The pointing mechanism is supervised to model long-term sequences of operations on classical data structures. PGNs can learn parallelisable variants of pointer-based data structures, and generalise out-of-distribution to 5x larger test inputs on dynamic graph connectivity tasks, outperforming unrestricted GNNs and Deep Sets.