On Revisiting Entropy for Identifying Mislabeled Medical Images

Mislabeled samples in training datasets severely degrade the performance of deep networks, as overparameterized models tend to memorize erroneous labels. We address this challenge by proposing a novel approach for mislabeled data detection that leverages training dynamics. Our method is grounded in the key observation that correctly labeled samples exhibit consistent entropy decrease during training, while mislabeled samples maintain relatively high entropy throughout the training process. Building on this insight, we introduce a signed entropy integral (SEI) statistic that captures both the magnitude and temporal trend of prediction entropy across training epochs. SEI is broadly applicable to classification networks and demonstrates particular effectiveness when integrated with contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) architectures. Through extensive experiments on three medical imaging datasets---a domain particularly susceptible to labeling errors due to diagnostic complexity---spanning diverse modalities and pathologies, we demonstrate that SEI achieves state-of-the-art performance in mislabeled data identification, outperforming existing methods while maintaining computational efficiency and implementation simplicity.