Near-Optimal Private Linear Regression via Iterative Hessian Mixing

We study differentially private ordinary least squares (DP-OLS) with bounded data $(X,Y)$ via sketching-based mechanisms. While Gaussian sketching approaches have been explored for DP-OLS \citep{sheffet2017differentially}, they are typically viewed as less competitive than the Adaptive Sufficient Statistics Perturbation (AdaSSP) method \citep{wang_adassp}, which directly perturbs the sufficient statistics $(X^{\top}X, X^{\top}Y)$ and is information theoretically optimal while also exhibiting strong empirical performance. In this work, we propose the \emph{Iterative Hessian Mixing} (IHM), an algorithm that builds on Gaussian sketching approaches to DP-OLS and is inspired by the Iterative Hessian Sketch of \citet{pilanci_hessiansketch}. We prove that IHM is differentially private and provide utility guarantees in the form of excess empirical risk bounds. These bounds improve upon those of AdaSSP by removing a multiplicative factor that can be as large as the square root of the data dimension. The design of the IHM is based on new accuracy guarantees that we present for prior Gaussian sketching approaches for DP-OLS, which clarify when these methods are expected to perform well and how IHM circumvents their inherent limitations. We also conduct a rigorous empirical evaluation on a large suite of datasets, demonstrating that IHM consistently outperforms prior baselines, including AdaSSP.