FSTLLM: Spatio-Temporal LLM for Few Shot Time Series Forecasting

Time series forecasting fundamentally relies on accurately modeling complex interdependencies and shared patterns within time series data. Recent advancements, such as Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Networks (STGNNs) and Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs), have demonstrated promising results by effectively capturing intricate spatial and temporal dependencies across diverse real-world datasets. However, these models typically require large volumes of training data and often struggle in data-scarce scenarios. To address this limitation, we propose a framework named Few-shot Spatio-Temporal Large Language Models (FSTLLM), aimed at enhancing model robustness and predictive performance in few-shot settings. FSTLLM leverages the contextual knowledge embedded in Large Language Models (LLMs) to provide reasonable and accurate predictions. In addition, it supports the seamless integration of existing forecasting models to further boost their predicative capabilities. Experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate the adaptability and consistently superior performance of FSTLLM over major baseline models by a significant margin. Our code is available at: https://github.com/JIANGYUE61610306/FSTLLM.

In this study, we propose a framework named Few-shot Spatio-Temporal Large Language Models (FSTLLM), aimed at enhancing model robustness and predictive performance in few-shot time series forecasting. FSTLLM leverages the contextual knowledge embedded in Large Language Models (LLMs) to provide reasonable and accurate predictions. In addition, it supports the seamless integration of existing forecasting models to further boost their predicative capabilities.