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Less is More: Using Multiple LLMs for Applications with Lower Costs
Lingjiao Chen · Matei Zaharia · James Zou

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in ES-FoMo: Efficient Systems for Foundation Models »
Event URL: https://openreview.net/forum?id=TkXjqcwQ4s »

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for querying purposes, but their associated costs vary significantly. This study investigates the pricing structures of popular LLM APIs, such as GPT-4, ChatGPT, and J1-Jumbo, revealing sub- stantial fee differences. To mitigate the expense of using LLMs on extensive queries and text, we propose three strategies: prompt adaptation, LLM approximation, and LLM cascade. We present FrugalGPT, an adaptable LLM cascade that in- telligently selects LLM combinations to reduce costs by up to 98% while matching or improving the accuracy of individual LLMs. This work es- tablishes a foundation for sustainable and efficient LLM utilization, offering valuable insights and practical techniques for users.

Author Information

Lingjiao Chen (Stanford University)
Matei Zaharia (Stanford University)
James Zou (Stanford)

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