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On the Difficulty of Defending Self-Supervised Learning against Model Extraction
Adam Dziedzic · Nikita Dhawan · Muhammad Ahmad Kaleem · Jonas Guan · Nicolas Papernot

Wed Jul 20 11:20 AM -- 11:25 AM (PDT) @ Room 309
in SA: Trustworthy Machine Learning »

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) is an increasingly popular ML paradigm that trains models to transform complex inputs into representations without relying on explicit labels. These representations encode similarity structures that enable efficient learning of multiple downstream tasks. Recently, ML-as-a-Service providers have commenced offering trained SSL models over inference APIs, which transform user inputs into useful representations for a fee. However, the high cost involved to train these models and their exposure over APIs both make black-box extraction a realistic security threat. We thus explore model stealing attacks against SSL. Unlike traditional model extraction on classifiers that output labels, the victim models here output representations; these representations are of significantly higher dimensionality compared to the low-dimensional prediction scores output by classifiers. We construct several novel attacks and find that approaches that train directly on a victim's stolen representations are query efficient and enable high accuracy for downstream models. We then show that existing defenses against model extraction are inadequate and not easily retrofitted to the specificities of SSL.

Keywords: DL: Self-Supervised Learning · SA: Trustworthy Machine Learning

Author Information

Adam Dziedzic (Vector Institute and University of Toronto)
Nikita Dhawan (University of Toronto and Vector Institute)
Muhammad Ahmad Kaleem (University of Toronto)
Jonas Guan (University of Toronto)
Nicolas Papernot (University of Toronto and Vector Institute)

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