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The rising prevalence of mental illness has posed a growing global burden, with one in four people adversely affected at some point in their lives, accounting for 32.4% of years lived with disability. This has only been exacerbated during the current pandemic, and while the capacity of acute care has been significantly increased in response to the crisis, it has at the same time led to the scaling back of many mental health services. This, together with the advances in the field of machine learning (ML), has motivated exploration of how machine learning methods can be applied to the provision of more effective and efficient mental healthcare, from varied approaches to continual monitoring of individual mental health or identification of mental health issues through inferences about behaviours on social media, online searches or mobile apps, to predictive models for early diagnosis and intervention, understanding disease progression or recovery, and the personalization of therapies.
This workshop aims to bring together clinicians, behavioural scientists and machine learning researchers working in various facets of mental health and care provision, to identify the key opportunities and challenges in developing solutions for this domain, and discussing the progress made.
Sat 6:20 a.m. - 6:30 a.m.
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Opening remarks
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Introduction
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SlidesLive Video » |
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Sat 6:30 a.m. - 7:15 a.m.
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Multiple steps to the precipice: Risk aversion and worry in sequential decision-making
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Invited Talk
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SlidesLive Video » When outcomes are not completely certain, we have to grapple with risk. Different individuals have characteristically different attitudes to risk - something that has been extensively investigated in psychology and psychiatry, albeit largely using venerable measures that lack certain axiomatically-desirable properties. Here we consider a modern risk measure for modeling human and animal decision-making called conditional value at risk (CVaR) which is particularly apposite because of its preferential focus on worst-case outcomes. We discuss theoretical characteristics of CVaR in single and multi-step decision-making problems, relating our findings to avoidance and worry. This is joint work with Chris Gagne. |
Peter Dayan 🔗 |
Sat 7:15 a.m. - 7:20 a.m.
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Q&A: Peter Dayan
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Q&A
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Sat 7:20 a.m. - 8:05 a.m.
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Social Media data as a tool for computational psychiatry research
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Invited Talk
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SlidesLive Video » There is growing interest in understanding the evolution of depressive symptomatology over time, the dynamics of how symptoms interact during periods of wellness and as one approaches an episode of illness. It is thought that by understanding these dynamics we can develop tools to identify early warning signs of depression before it takes hold. But this sort of research is prohibitively challenging; it requires research participants to actively log their thoughts, feelings, and emotions regularly, over months or even years to capture critical transitions into a depressed state. An alternative is to use sources of data, such as social media posts, that people produce routinely in the course of their everyday life. Recent data has shown this might be possible; depressed individuals use language differently, for example, using more first-person singular pronouns (I, me, my) and more emotional negative words (hurt, ugly, nasty). In a set of two studies, I will present research testing if we can use social media posts to detect depression, I will test how specific such findings are to depression versus other aspects of mental health and finally, if these ‘linguistic symptoms’ can be used to test core theories about the network structure of depression and how it changes during episodes of illness. |
Claire Gillan 🔗 |
Sat 8:05 a.m. - 8:10 a.m.
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Q&A: Claire Gillan
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Q&A
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Sat 8:10 a.m. - 8:20 a.m.
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Break
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Sat 8:20 a.m. - 8:55 a.m.
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Anxiety and decision making under second-order uncertainty
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Invited Talk
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SlidesLive Video » Anxiety is associated with elevated self-report of aversion to uncertainty and ambiguity. However there has been relatively little attempt to characterize the underlying mechanisms. Over recent years, computational modelling has been used to advance our understanding of human decision-making and the brain mechanisms that support it. This approach can help us to formalize and understand how choice behaviours can be optimally adapted to different situations and the ways in which individuals may deviate from optimal behaviour. |
Sonia J Bishop 🔗 |
Sat 8:55 a.m. - 9:00 a.m.
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Q&A: Sonia Bishop
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Q&A
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Sat 9:00 a.m. - 9:45 a.m.
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Panel: Developing models of mental illness
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Discussion Panel
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SlidesLive Video » |
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Sat 9:45 a.m. - 10:35 a.m.
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Poster Session: Gathertown ( Poster Session ) link » | 🔗 |
Sat 10:35 a.m. - 10:40 a.m.
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Welcome back
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Introduction
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Sat 10:40 a.m. - 11:25 a.m.
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Employing Social Media and Machine Learning to Improve Mental Health: Harnessing the Potentials and Avoiding the Pitfalls
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Invited Talk
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SlidesLive Video » Social media data is being increasingly used to computationally learn about and infer the mental health states of individuals and populations. Despite being touted as a powerful means to shape interventions and impact mental health recovery, little do we understand about the theoretical, domain, and psychometric validity of this novel information source, or its underlying biases, when appropriated to augment conventionally gathered data, such as surveys and verbal self-reports. This talk presents a critical analytic perspective on the pitfalls of social media signals of mental health, especially when they are derived from “proxy” diagnostic indicators, often removed from the real-world context in which they are likely to be used. Then, to overcome these pitfalls, this talk presents results from two case studies, where machine learning algorithms to glean mental health insights from social media were developed in a context-sensitive and human-centered way, in collaboration with domain experts and stakeholders. The first of these case studies, a collaboration with a health provider, focuses on the individual-perspective, and reveals the ability and implications of using social media data of consented schizophrenia patients to forecast relapse and support clinical decision-making. Scaling up to populations, in collaboration with a federal organization and towards influencing public health policy, the second case study seeks to forecast nationwide rates of suicide fatalities using social media signals, in conjunction with health services data. The talk concludes with discussions of the path forward, emphasizing the need for a collaborative, multi-disciplinary research agenda while realizing the potential of social media data and machine learning in mental health -- one that incorporates methodological rigor, ethics, and accountability, all at once. |
Munmun De Chaudhury 🔗 |
Sat 11:25 a.m. - 11:30 a.m.
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Q&A: Munmun De Chaudhury
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Q&A
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Sat 11:30 a.m. - 12:15 p.m.
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Developing digital mental health screening and intervention tools with end users
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Invited Talk
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SlidesLive Video » Digital tools have been proven effective to deliver mental health screening and intervention, but uptake is usually very low, severely limiting generalizability of findings and impact of tools. The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially increased the urgency to develop nimble and valid screening instruments and tools that effectively address users' needs. We have developed a framework of digital data triangulation, intervention co-development, and integration with brick and mortar systems, and will present preliminary results. |
Daniel Vigo 🔗 |
Sat 12:15 p.m. - 12:20 p.m.
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Q&A: Daniel Vigo
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Q&A
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Sat 12:20 p.m. - 12:35 p.m.
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Break
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Sat 12:35 p.m. - 1:05 p.m.
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Multimodal sensor-based Machine Learning for Mental Health
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Invited Talk
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SlidesLive Video » Digital phenotyping and machine learning technologies have shown the potentials to measure objective behavioral and physiological markers, provide risk assessment for people who might have a high risk of poor mental health and wellbeing, and help better decisions or behavioral changes to support health and wellbeing. I will introduce a series of studies, algorithms, and systems we have developed for measuring, predicting, and supporting personalized health and wellbeing. I will also discuss challenges, learned lessons, and potential future directions in mental health and wellbeing research. |
Akane Sano 🔗 |
Sat 1:05 p.m. - 1:10 p.m.
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Q&A: Akane Sano
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Q&A
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Sat 1:10 p.m. - 1:55 p.m.
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Panel: Building tools for mental health
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Discussion Panel
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SlidesLive Video » |
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Sat 1:55 p.m. - 2:00 p.m.
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Closing remarks
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Conclusion
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Joint Embedding of Structural and Functional Brain Networks with Graph Neural Networks for Mental Illness Diagnosis ( Workshop Poster ) link » | 🔗 |
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Predicting Emotional State Using Behavioral Markers Derived From Passively Sensed Data ( Workshop Poster ) link » | 🔗 |
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Severity Classification of Mental Health Related Tweets ( Workshop Poster ) link » | 🔗 |
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Predicting Mood Disorder Symptoms with Remotely Collected Videos Using an Interpretable Multimodal Dynamic Attention Fusion Network ( Workshop Poster ) link » | 🔗 |
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Mind the gap: Addressing practical challenges of predictive machine-learning for mental health using a human-centered approach ( Workshop Poster ) link » | 🔗 |
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Mixed Effects Random Forests for Personalised Predictions of Clinical Depression Severity ( Workshop Poster ) link » | 🔗 |
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Achieving Scalability without Sacrificing Validity: Clinical Validation of Online Self-Report Scales for Schizophrenia and Depression ( Workshop Poster ) link » | 🔗 |
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AStERisk*: AutomaticMental StressDetection based on Electrocardiogramfor Real Time Heart Risk Prediction using 1-D CNN ( Workshop Poster ) link » | 🔗 |
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Multimodal Brain Explainer: Integrating Functional and Structural Connectivity Data for Schizophrenia Detection ( Workshop Poster ) link » | 🔗 |
Author Information
Niranjani Prasad (Microsoft Research Cambridge)
Caroline Weis (ETH Zurich)
Shems Saleh (Vector institute)
Rosanne Liu (ML Collective; Google)
Jake Vasilakes (University of Manchester)
Agni Kumar (Apple)
Agni Kumar is a Research Scientist on Apple’s Health AI team. She studied at MIT, graduating with an M.Eng. in Machine Learning and B.S. degrees in Mathematics and Computer Science. Her thesis on modeling the spread of healthcare-associated infections led to joining projects at Apple with applied health focuses, specifically on understanding cognitive decline from device usage data and discerning respiratory rate from wearable microphone audio. She has published hierarchical reinforcement learning research and predictive analytics work in conferences and journals, including EMBC, PLOS Computational Biology and Telehealth and Medicine Today. She was a workshop organizer for ICML’s first-ever *Computational Approaches to Mental Health* workshop in 2021. She has also volunteered at WiML workshops and served as a reviewer for NeurIPS. For joy, Agni leads an Apple-wide global diversity network about encouraging mindfulness to find pockets of peace each day.
Tianlin Zhang (University of Manchester)
Ida Momennejad (Microsoft Research)
Danielle Belgrave (Microsoft Research / Imperial)
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